Plagiarism Policy

All submitted manuscripts are screened before peer review with the journal's own similarity-check software (UMJ Similarity Check), which compares each submission with open literature sources (Europe PMC, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar), the journal's published articles and earlier submissions; only a few short passages are used as search queries, never the title, author names or the file. The similarity report is evaluated by an editor; there is no automatic threshold, but an overall similarity above 20% or substantial overlap with any single source is examined in detail.

Authors must not use the words, figures or ideas of others without attribution, and must cite all sources at the point they are used. Plagiarism, including self-plagiarism, redundant (duplicate) publication and text recycling without citation, leads to rejection. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the article will be corrected or retracted according to COPE guidelines.