Abstract
Introduction: Fetal macrosomia is a clinical condition that significantly affects maternal and fetal health. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and the associated risk factors of fetal macrosomia in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Materials and Methods: Our study was carried out by retrospectively examining the records of pregnant women who delivered babies with birth weights of ≥4000 g, after the 37th gestational week in the Gynecology Department of Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020. Pregnant women were divided into 2 groups as those did not receive (Group 1, n:311) and did (Group 2, n:98) the diagnosis of GDM during their pregnancy.
Results: Frequencies of preeclampsia, polyhydramnios, and shoulder dystocia were statistically significantly higher in the GDM(+) group relative to the GDM(-) group (p=0.007, p=0.006, and p=0.004, respectively). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were formed to determine cut-off values for age, parity, BPD, FL, and AC. Age (>35 years), FL (≤77 mm), AC (>356 mm), polyhydramnios, and shoulder dystocia were determined as effective factors on fetal macrosomia (p=0.0001, p=0.025, p=0.023, p=0.045, and p=0.009, respectively).
Conclusion: Polyhydramnios, shoulder dystocia, preeclampsia, and an increase in AC but a decrease in BPD and FL values are more common in macrosomia associated with GDM compared to the non-GDM patient group.

Key words: Adverse obstetric outcomes, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Macrosomia, Polyhydramnios